Operation Sindoor and PAF's Response
The conflict intensified following India's launch of "Operation Sindoor" on May 7, 2025, targeting alleged terrorist camps in Pakistan and Pakistan-administered Kashmir. In retaliation, Pakistan initiated "Operation Bunyan Ul Marsoos," with the PAF conducting airstrikes on Indian military installations. Pakistan claimed to have shot down five Indian fighter jets, including three Rafales, a Su-30MKI, and a MiG-29. These claims, if confirmed, would represent significant losses for the Indian Air Force. The Guardian+1Al Jazeera+1Wikipedia
Deployment of Chinese J-10C Fighter Jets
A notable aspect of the PAF's operations was the deployment of Chinese-made J-10C "Vigorous Dragon" fighter jets. Equipped with advanced avionics and PL-15 beyond-visual-range missiles, these jets reportedly played a crucial role in downing Indian aircraft. This marked one of the first combat uses of the J-10C, drawing international attention to China's military exports and their effectiveness in modern warfare. Business Insider
International Mediation and Ceasefire Efforts
Amid fears of a broader conflict between the nuclear-armed neighbors, the United States, led by President Donald Trump and Secretary of State Marco Rubio, brokered a ceasefire agreement on May 10, 2025. The truce aimed to halt hostilities and prevent further escalation. However, both India and Pakistan accused each other of violating the ceasefire shortly after its announcement, indicating the fragility of the agreement. CBS News+4The Times+4New York Post+4Financial Times+1CBS News+1
Strategic and Military Implications
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Air Superiority and Tactical Shifts: The PAF's effective use of J-10C jets and advanced missile systems demonstrated its growing capabilities and strategic depth, challenging the traditional air superiority of the Indian Air Force.
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Global Military Observations: The conflict provided a real-world testing ground for modern fighter jets and missile systems, with global militaries analyzing the performance of Chinese and Western military hardware under combat conditions. Wikipedia
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Regional Stability Concerns: The rapid escalation and subsequent ceasefire underscore the volatile nature of India-Pakistan relations and the importance of sustained diplomatic engagement to ensure long-term stability in the region.
